16.03.2026 03:48
en
ru
cn

Mr Charlie
Sortie #422203

 
Tour Wargrounds June 2014 Statistics
Mission Defend Bruay
Type Sopwith Dolphin
Payload 7.69 x 1000 + Add.Guns + 20LB x 4
Modifications
  • Twin Lewis lower-wing
Fuel 50%
Coalition Triple Entente
Country France
Date start 05.06.2014 23:40
Date end 05.06.2014 23:45
Flight time 4 minutes 24 seconds
Ratio 1.08
Status shotdown (killed)
Bullets fired 837
Bullets hits 199
Gun Accuracy 23.8%
Rockets fired 0
Rockets hits 0
Rockets Accuracy 0%
Dropped bombs 4
Hits Bombs 0
Bomb Accuracy 0%
Score 31
Fighters 0
Fighters (static) 0
TwoSeats 0
Bombers 2
Pilots 2
Gunners 0
Assisted 0
Unconfirmed AK 0
AI Fighters 0
AI TwoSeats 0
AI Bombers 0
AI Pilots 0
AI Gunners 3
Friendly planes 0
Friendly pilots 0
Friendly gunners 0
Aerostats 0
Light tanks 0
Heavy tanks 0
Tanks (static) 0
Locomotives 0
Wagons 0
Light ships 0
Middle ships 0
Heavy ships 0
Ships (static) 0
Submarines 0
Vehicles 0
Vehicles (static) 0
Planes no TO 0
Artillery 0
Artillery (static) 0
Infantry 0
MachineGuns 0
AAA 0
AA MachineGuns 0
Friendly Ground Units 0
Bridges 0
Airfields 0
Railway Stations 0
Factories 0
Firing Point 0
Friendly Buildings 0
05.06.2014 23:40:25
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] was respawned
05.06.2014 23:40:57
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] take off
05.06.2014 23:43:37
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:37
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:37
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.029) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:43:38
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:39
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:39
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:43:39
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:39
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:40
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has killed AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.029) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:41
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.834) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has shotdown FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has killed AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:42
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:43
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:44
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:45
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:46
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:47
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:48
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:49
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:50
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:50
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.005) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:50
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.233) FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:43:50
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has killed FogelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:44:51
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:44:53
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.008) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:44:54
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.007) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:02
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:04
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:04
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:04
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.006) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:04
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.012) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:05
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.011) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:05
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:05
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.013) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.015) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.01) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.008) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.006) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.25) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:06
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.031) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.03) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.007) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:07
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.011) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:09
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.006) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:09
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:45:09
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.007) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.029) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:10
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_2]
05.06.2014 23:45:11
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:11
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.029) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:11
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.005) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has damaged (0.814) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has shotdown FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has killed FragelGT [Gotha G.V]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has wounded (0.25) AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:45:12
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has killed AI [BotGunnerG5_1]
05.06.2014 23:45:16
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.007) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:16
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:16
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has damaged (0.795) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:16
 AI [Tail turret Gotha G.V] has shotdown Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:16
 AI [Nose turret Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:17
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:18
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:19
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:20
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:21
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:22
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.005) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:22
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has wounded (0.565) Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:22
 FragelGT [Gotha G.V] has killed Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin]
05.06.2014 23:45:22
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] has finished
05.06.2014 23:45:22
 Mr Charlie [Sopwith Dolphin] crashed on the ground